Thursday, November 28, 2019

History Of Computers Essays (887 words) - Computer, ENIAC

History Of Computers Early Computational Devices Somewhere around 3000BC the first mechanical counting device created was the abacus. The abacus is still used today and, amazingly to me, with great speed and accuracy. In 1642 another mechanical device was created called the Pascaline (after Blaise Pascal, a famous French mathematician). The Pascaline used gears and wheels (counting-wheels) to perform the calculations. The interesting thing to note is that the counting-wheel design was used in calculators until the 1960s. The next major breakthrough in computer history revolves around Charles Babbage and his Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. The machines that Charles designed in the early 1800s were not electronic computers as we know them now but they were general-purpose computational devices that were designed to be driven by steam. Charles is credited with being the Father of Computing due to the fact that his designs were WAY ahead of his time. He laid the foundation for the modern computer. Fuentes 2 Early Computers Another computer development spurred by the war was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) produced by a partnership between the U.S. government and the University of Pennsylvania. Consisting of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 5 million soldered joints, the computer was such a massive piece of machinery that it consumed 160 kilowatts of electrical power, enough energy to dim the lights in an entire section of Philadelphia. Developed by John Presper Eckert (1919-1995) and John W. Mauchly (1907-1980), ENIAC, unlike the Colossus and Mark I, was a general-purpose computer that computed at speeds 1,000 times faster than Mark I. These first computers were extremely large, slow, and inefficient. Many things happened between the creation of the ENIAC and now. Among the most interesting and pertinent to us in this course is the development of the microcomputer. The major development of the microcomputer took place in the 1970s during a time when most of us were alive to witness it firsthand. During this time we have seen the creation of huge and very profitable corporations including Microsoft, Apple, Dell, Compaq, etc. and the growth and prosperity of pioneering companies like IBM. Fuentes 3 Generations of Computers... First Generation The first generation of computers took place during the mid1940s to the late 1950s. The computers that were created during this time used vacuum tubes and wires for their circuitry. If you've ever had or been around a vacuum tube television, radio, or amplifier you know that, when they are left on for any length of time, they get very hot and, like light bulbs, they burn out. In addition to vacuum tubes, the first-generation computers used magnetic drums for main memory. The use of magnetic drums and vacuum tubes required that these computers were HUGE, some up to half a football field in size! They also were very expensive to operate, generated a lot of heat, used a lot of electricity, and failed (shut down) often. The programming of these computers (having them perform a different task) required that wires were disconnected from one place and connected to another or that one circuit was turned on and another turned off. All programming during this generation was done in Machine Lan guage - the language of the machine (1s and 0s)! Fuentes 4 Second Generation The second generation of computers took place during the late 1950s to mid 1960s. Just like the evolution of televisions, radios, and amplifiers during this time revolved around the shift from vacuum tube to transistor, so did computers. The use of transistors allowed radios, TVs, amplifiers, and computers to become much smaller, faster, less energy-draining, etc. Main memory (RAM) shifted from revolving magnetic drums to tiny wire-wrapped magnetic donuts called magnetic core memory. This also allowed computers to become much smaller and more efficient. Programming languages evolved from the 1s and 0s of machine language to something closer to the language of humans. These languages are known as assemblers and early high level languages and were easier to use for humans but required more work by the computer. They are still a long cry from English. Companies that were purchasing computers during this time were using them mostly for accounting purposes and interacted with the computer via punched cards for input and reams of printed paper for output. Fuentes 5 Third Generation The

Monday, November 25, 2019

World Is Flat Essay

World Is Flat Essay World Is Flat Essay The world is flat To be totally honest with you Bill I had to re-read these chapters over and over again to understand it and hopefully I understand it. He is showing us a world moving faster than most can keep up. â€Å"America’s place in the fast-evolving world economic platform, Friedman presents not only the problems we face, but preventative measures and possible solutions.† What it all comes down to is the world of business and the technology is going far and beyond advance then most people in business can keep up with. Friedman warns of the forces that could seriously harm or slow the flattening of the world, particularly the threat posed by terrorist networks such as Al-Qaeda. His perspective is refreshing in a media driven largely by scare tactics and fear mongering as he encourages a realistic and objective approach to this threat. Friedman gives us a list of â€Å"the ten forces† which are: 1. Collapse of Berlin Wall- Friedman explains that this symbolized the end to cold war and it also allowed people on the other side of the wall to come join the economic mainstream. 2. Netscape- made the audience bigger for the internet from its roots as a communication medium mostly used by geeks to something that can be used by everyone around the world. It wouldn’t matter how old you are or if you’re good with computers or a computer geek, everyone can use the Web. 3. Work flow software- This as Friedman explained is the ability of a machine to communicate to another machine without an actual human being involved or part take in this. 4. Uploading-Communities collaborating and uploading on online projects. Friedman considers the phenomenon "the most disruptive force of all." 5. Outsourcing- Has allowed companies to split service and manufacturing activities into components, with each component performed in most efficient, cost-effective way. 6. Offshoring- Offshoring just means manufacturing’s version of outsourcing. 7. Supply-Chaining-Friedman compares the modern retail supply chain to a river, and points to Wal-Mart as the best example of a company using technology to streamline item sales, distribution, and shipping. 8. Insourcing- Friedman uses UPS as a prime example for insourcing, in which the company's employees perform servicesbeyond shippingfor another company. For example, UPS itself repairs Toshiba computers on behalf of Toshiba. The work is done at the UPS hub, by UPS employees. 9. In-forming- Google and other search engines are the prime example. "Never before in the history of the planet have so many people-on their own-had the ability to find so much information about so many things and about so many other people", writes Friedman. 10. â€Å"The steroids†- Our own personal devices like cell phones, iPods, personal digital assistants, instant messaging, and voice over Internet Protocol Friedman believes these first three forces have

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Dissertation Example Based on the discussion of the results of these statistics, a few recommendations like improved customer relations, improved the additional amenities, improved supply chain management and other retail management methods, following government guidelines like PPG6 and Town Centre Partnerships. Chapter 1 - Research Introduction 1.1. Chapter Introduction : 1.2. Research Scenario: 1.3. Aim and Objectives of the Research : 1.4. Research Questions and Hypotheses: 1.5. Scope of the Research: 1.6. Research methodology: 1.7. Research Organization: 1.8. Chapter conclusion: Chapter 2 - Literature Review 2.1. Introduction: 2.2. The Retail scenario: 2.3. Impact of globalisation: 2.4. Retail changes in UK and Cyprus: 2.5. Impact of changes on small supermarkets: 2.6. Steps to recover the Town Centres / small supermarkets : 2.7. Chapter conclusion: Chapter 3 – Research Methodology 3.1. Introduction: 3.2. ... Primary data processing and data presentation 4.3. Descriptive statistics of the Research data: 4.4. Histogram and Tally analysis: 4.4.1. Histogram and Tally analysis of questions towards customers: 4.4.2. The Histogram and Tally analyses of the questions towards retail owners: 4.5. Correlation analysis: 4.6. Chapter Conclusion: Chapter 5 – Discussion and Recommendation 5.1. Discussion based on statistical Analysis: 5.2. Recommendations: Chapter 6 - Research Conclusion Chapter 1 - Research Introduction 1.6. Chapter Introduction : This chapter introduces the research concept in terms of the research background and the scope of the research work. The aim of the research, main research question, research hypotheses are introduced to give an in depth understanding of the purpose of this research. Finally the pattern of organizing this research work has also been given. 1.7. Research Scenario: During the past decades the shopping trends among people have changed tremendously. The p eople who were purchasing from market towns have started their shopping in out of town large super markets. This transition from traditional shopping to shopping under globalized and monopolized conditions was quite noticeable during the transitional period in the UK from 1950’s. The concept of supermarkets (all under one roof) was emerged that, indeed, provided greater variety, accessibility and choice of products to potential customers. The phenomenal growth of out-of-town supermarkets because of changing lifestyles of people all across the world (this will be elaborated in chapter one) compelled British government to conduct its own survey in September 1998 on nine market town locations in Britain to know the impact of these new supermarkets on small businesses and markets in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

ENVIROMNMENTEL ANALYSIS CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

ENVIROMNMENTEL ANALYSIS CASE STUDY - Essay Example The retail firm operates on the basis of several formats like Discount Stores, Supercenters, Neighborhood Markets and Marketside to help cater to different levels of customer needs (Walmart Corporate, 2011). The business environment of Wal-Mart like any other business firm is divided along both internal and external facets. The internal environment of the firm is governed by the family ownership of Wal-Mart being the largest stakeholders. Further, the firm works in a centralized fashion with higher management settled at Arkansas. The retail firm strategizes its internal operations with a view to reduce the operational cost and binds the workers to each other. It continually promotes research and development activities to innovate newer private label products. (Environmental Scanning, n.d.). The external environment of the firm is composed of economic, political, social and technological factors. Further being internationally spread the firm is amenable to environmental changes of the different nations and also faces global completion from a large number of retailers. (Wal-Mart Case Study, 2010). Business Environment of a Firm The business environment of a firm is composed of such factors belonging to the external side of it and would affect the present and future operations of the firm. Moreover, different business firms have different types of business environment which is thus situational in nature. Specifically, the business environment of a firm is divided into two factors viz. general and task. The general business environment is also known as the social environment and encompasses the macro-economic factors affecting the business operations. On the other hand, the ‘task environment’ of a business firm encompasses the factors which can be managed by the firm itself and thus relate to the micro-business environment. The general business environment of a business firm can be further sub-divide into the culture and historical status of the region or country to which the firm belongs. Moreover, it also encompasses the technological and economical development of the region and other such demographic factors like age and income level of the population. The total set of social and legal factors including government rules and regulations govern the external environment of the firm. On the other hand, the task environment of the business firm being the micro-economic environment is composed of factors like suppliers, customers, other competing firms, legal and regulatory issues of the local government and other technological changes. The general environment being huge easily governs the task environment of a business firm and thereby governs the business processes of the specific firm. (Kew & Stredwick, 2005.p.1-2). International Business Environment of a Business Firm The international environment of a business firm is mainly governed by the general macro-economic factors of the different countries in which the business company has set up its regional centers. The business environment of the firm is affected by the different social, cultural, legal and ethical norms of the different societies in which the business house has set up its outlets and offices. Again, the cultural and social factors differ from region to region. Thus, a business entity may perform flexibly in one area while operating in a certain economy while on the other it may face certain hurdles while trying to perform the same business

Monday, November 18, 2019

Scientific misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific misconduct - Essay Example on the other hand, refers to manipulating research equipment, materials, or processes or omitting (changing) results or data such that the study is not correctly represented in the records. Plagiarism is the stealing of another individual’s processes, ideas, words or results without giving proper credit. Scientific misconduct has dire consequences (Broad & Wade, 1982). It can ruin careers of researchers who knowingly write publications based on false research. If this is done by clinical researchers, some patients may suffer due to the wrong information on different types of treatment. A proper example is an article on fraud by Lancet published in Wakefield et al. (1999) (Koocher & Keith 2010). It linked a vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella to autism. This caused a massive drop in vaccinations that could have resulted in several deaths, in children who were not protected. Falsification also does delay scientific progress especially when researchers misuse research funds, as well as waste time, following false research. A case in point is false claims by physicist Jan Hendrik Schon that he had built high performance plastic transistors, plus the world’s organic laser. This resulted in several laboratories wasting resources and years trying to duplicate his findings (Koocher & Keith 2010). Scientific misconduct ruins the image of the field in which the falsified research is carried out. It diminishes faith in science. Unfortunately, concrete information on the escalating cases of fabrication or falsifying of research in science is not available. The only estimate of the rise in research misconduct is a survey by Koocher & Keith (2010). According to the findings, approximately 1.5% of all research done annually is false. Out of the 155,000 researchers supplied by the National Institution of Health (NIH) funding, there were 2,335 incidents of poss ible misconduct yearly, sixty percent of them involving falsification or fabrication of data. It is worth

Friday, November 15, 2019

Avoid Problems Of Cross Cultural Communication Commerce Essay

Avoid Problems Of Cross Cultural Communication Commerce Essay Cross-cultural communication exists when people from differing cultures have reached a certain degree of understanding regarding their differences. For understanding to take place, both people must have some form of knowledge or awareness regarding the norms or customs that exist in each others culture. Verbal and nonverbal communications can contain implied meanings, as well as certain degrees of symbolism. For successful communication to take place, background knowledge concerning values, norms and perceptions is necessary in order for clear, effective communication to take place. The key to effective cross-cultural communication is knowledge. It is essential that people understand the potential problems of cross-cultural communication, and make a conscious effort to overcome these problems and important to assume that ones efforts will not always be successful, and adjust ones behavior appropriately For example, one should always assume that there is a significant possibility that cultural differences are causing communication problems, and be willing to be patient and forgiving, rather than hostile and aggressive, if problems develop. One should respond slowly and carefully in cross-cultural exchanges, not jumping to the conclusion that you know what is being thought and said. Active listening can sometimes be used to check this out-by repeating what one thinks he or she heard, one can confirm that one understands the communication accurately. If words are used differently between languages or cultural groups, however, even active listening can overlook misunderstandings. Often intermediaries who are familiar with both cultures can be helpful in cross-cultural communication situations. They can translate both the substance and the manner of what is said. For instance, they can tone down strong statements that would be considered appropriate in one culture but not in another, before they are given to people from a culture that does not talk together in such a strong way. They can also adjust the timing of what is said and done. Some cultures move quickly to the point; others talk about other things long enough to establish rapport or a relationship with the other person. If discussion on the primary topic begins too soon, the group that needs a warm up first will feel uncomfortable. A mediator or intermediary who understands this can explain the problem, and make appropriate procedural adjustments. Yet sometimes intermediaries can make communication even more difficult. If a mediator is the same culture or nationality as one of the disputants, but not the other, this gives the appearance of bias, even when none exists. Even when bias is not intended, it is common for mediators to be more supportive or more understanding of the person who is of his or her own culture, simply because they understand them better. Yet when the mediator is of a third cultural group, the potential for cross-cultural misunderstandings increases further. In this case engaging in extra discussions about the process and the manner of carrying out the discussions is appropriate, as is extra time for confirming and re-confirming understandings at every step in the dialogue or negotiating process. The impact different cultures have on peoples behavior, emotions and thought processes are the focus of cross-cultural psychology. The norms and values within a culture go a long way toward shaping a persons psychological make-up and how she interacts with her environment. The social structures, manners and values within a culture determine what types of experiences a person has had. These experiences work to shape perceptions, expectations, as well as a persons sense of identity within the context of society. Cross-cultural research examines how different cultures compare in terms of human behavior. The purpose of this research is to address the growing conflicts and global concerns that arise as a result of cultural differences. Statistical data is compiled to determine how prevalent particular norms or customs are within a culture. This helps with determining how influential particular customs are within the workings of a society. Steps to bridge communication differences are addressed by understanding how customs develop and how they affect the behaviors that take place within a society. CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES For understanding cultural issues in organizational setting against international perspective, it is essential to understand employee behavior. Five basic conclusions can be drawn about cross-cultural impact on employee behavior: First, individual behavior in organizational setting varies across cultures. Thus, employees based in India, Japan, U.S. and Germany is likely to have different attitudes and patterns of behavior. The behavior patterns are likely to be widespread and pervasive within an organization. Second, culture itself is an important variable for this variation. There are also other factors like differing standards of living and varied geographical conditions which cause variations in behavior. However, culture is a significant factor. Third, although behavior within organizational setting remains quite diverse across cultures, organizations themselves appear to be increasingly similar. Hence, managerial practices at a general level may be alike, but the people who work with in organizations differ markedly. Fourth, the same manager behaves differently in different cultural settings. A manager may adopt one set of behaviors when working in one culture, but may change those behaviors when moved into a different culture. Lastly, cultural diversity can be an important source of energy in enhancing organizational effectiveness. More and more organizations are realizing the virtues of cultural diversity, but surprisingly, little do they know how to manage it. Business Problems in Cross Cultural Communication Business is headed in a decidedly international direction and this means that there will be some changes. Corporations are looking to make doing business as easy as they possibly can, but this new move out multi-national business has created a new set of challenges. The most unavoidable of these new business challenges is a barrier in cross-cultural communication. When people do business, they need to be speaking the same language. Even if two folks are not naturals of a certain language, there must exist a certain consistency in the verbiage in order to avoid some potentially catastrophic circumstances. In addition, more and more managers are seeing problems within their own workplace because of a lack of understanding of other cultures. This problem is not an international one. It simply involves two people of a different ethnic background who do not understand the other culture well enough to effectively communicate with each other. This occurs most commonly because businesses do not emphasize this portion of their training. Before a business can take effective action to pre-empt the problems in cross-cultural communication, they must know exactly what these problems are. In general, they seem pretty obvious. On the surface, they seem like things that the businesses should never miss. Time and time again, businesses miss these things though and it contributes to their downfall. A complete lack of communication is the most common and damaging of all of these problems. This most often occurs when managers and upper level management do not feel the need to communicate with their workers because they do not know how. When your people are left in the dark, they do not perform well. This problem in cross cultural communication has as much to do with a lack of information sharing than it does the inability to get that message across. Obviously, choice of words and diction is important when speaking to people of a different culture. Not only must you be able to use the correct jargon in order to allow them to clearly understand your message, but you must also be careful not to use terms which might be offensive to that person. Generally, workers do not mean to harm anyone when they choose hurtful words, but the damage can often times be irreparable. In this case, it is always better to be safe than to be sorry. Problems in cross cultural communication will continue to plague businesses until they make a conscious effort to change some things. In general, people do not communicate well with each other because they are uneducated about the little things that a different culture might do. With some effort, this can be changed and corporate profitability can improve. CROSS CULTURAL DIFFERENCES Managers in todays multicultural global business community frequently encounter cultural differences, which can interfere with the successful completion of projects. This paper describes the most well-known and accepted theories of cultural differences and illustrates them with examples from international project management. Two leading studies of cross-cultural management have been conducted by Greet Hofstede [1] and Fons Trompenaars [2]. Both approaches propose a set of cultural dimensions along which dominant value systems can be ordered. These value systems affect human thinking, feeling, and acting, and the behavior of organizations and institutions in predictable ways. The two sets of dimensions reflect basic problems that any society has to cope with but for which solutions differ. They are similar in some respects and different in others. The dimensions can be grouped into several categories: 1)  Relations between people.  Two main cultural differences have been identified. Hofstede distinguishes between  individualism  and collectivism.  Trompenaars breaks down this distinction into two dimensions:  Ã‚  universalism versus  particularize  and  individualism  versus communitarians. 2)  Motivational orientation.  Societies choose ways to cope with the inherent uncertainty of living. In this category Hofstede identifies three dimensions:  masculinity  versus  femininity,  amount of uncertainty avoidance,  and  power distance. 3)  Attitudes toward time.  Hofstede distinguishes between  a long-term  versus  a short-term orientation.  Trompenaars identifies two dimensions:  sequential versus synchronic  and  inner versus outer time. How to Overcome Cross Cultural Communication Step 1 Run meetings to expose your employees to other cultures. Introducing employees who will be working together in a non-threatening environment enables a good working relationship long term. Learning about another cultures language, rules and norms for acceptable behavior helps prepare your employees to deal with situations as they arise. Changing preconceptions can lead to more conducive working relationships. Step 2 Conduct activities to demonstrate how dependent we are on language. For example, dedicate a day to being silent. Have each employee develop a contract stating what they hope to learn, how long they will remain silent (what exceptions can be made) and how they plan to cope without speaking all day. After experiencing a day with limited communication, participants can typically relate to being in a foreign environment more easily. Step 3 Provide workshops, tips and techniques for communicating effectively in cross-cultural work environments. People act according to the values of their own culture. Others from another culture might interpret behavior differently. Practicing such strategies as active listening (paraphrasing what is said to ensure understanding can be achieved) and using multiple forms of communication, such as written, audio and visual, can enhance employee involvement in assuring that conflicts do not arise because of cultural misunderstandings due to lack of awareness. Step 4 Coach employees to mediate conflicts related to cultural misunderstandings. Provide opportunities for employees to respond to situations from viewpoints different than their own. Divide a group of people into pairs to conduct role-playing exercises that allow participants to acknowledge culture difference exist. Encourage each pair to think about a conflict they have experienced recently due to cultural differences. Have each participant describe what they might find offensive or unusual. Let each participant suggest how the problem would be handled in their own culture. Together, have the participants develop a resolution to the problem. Have each pair report to the larger group on their experiences. Take it slow A common objection that non-native speakers raise is the speed with which native speakers tend to communicate. Whether youre speaking to someone who is just beginning to learn the language or a long-time English speaker who hails from a different culture, its helpful to modulate the pace of your speech. However, keep in mind that if you slow down too much, the effect may be insulting. Active listening An effective strategy for improving cross-cultural communication is what experts call active listening. This technique involves restating the other speakers statements to ensure you understand their meaning and asking frequent questions. This is a great way to ensure that important information doesnt slip through the cracks in a cross-cultural conversation. Group information in small size If you stop to think about it, even a single sentence in a conversation between two fluent speakers can contain a great deal of information. Thats why cross-cultural communication experts recommend limiting the amount of information you try to convey at one time. Stick to simple, direct instructions and explanations, and try to avoid complex, multi-part sentences. Cultural assumptions If youve ever traveled to a foreign country, you probably realize just how much of our verbal and non-verbal communication relies on a shared set of cultural beliefs and attitudes. When youre speaking to someone from another culture, try to avoid things like jokes, slang, or references that might be confusing or misleading to a non-native speaker. In doubt, adopt for friendly formality North American English speakers often adopt a casual, informal approach to conversations, even when they are addressing a stranger or a new acquaintance. This approach may be off-putting or unsettling to someone from a different cultural background. To ensure that youre conveying an appropriate level of respect, use a more formal mode of speaking and gradually scale back the level of formality as the relationship develops. Motivation and training of multi-cultural project teams Traditional projects, as national projects, may be affected by personality conflicts. Cultural differences among project team members may create additional misunderstanding throughout the project life cycle. The impact of cultural factors such as language barriers, time differences, and socio-economic, political, and religious diversity may result in a normative pattern prescribing a range of permissible actions so as to encourage self-interest. Motivating project team members may encounter significant barriers in multi-cultural project communications. The context of international projects includes cultural diversity, where participants are continuously learning. This fact influences training and educational approaches and has an impact on attitudes toward the use of technology, the amount of practice, reinforcement, and level of interaction with the instructor to which learners from other educational systems are accustomed. NEEDS of Cross-Cultural Communication Within the business context, cross cultural communication refers to interpersonal communication and interaction across different cultures. This has become an important issue in our age of globalization and internationalization. Effective cross cultural communication is concerned with overcoming cultural differences across nationality, religion, borders, culture and behavior. Cross cultural communication is critical to the business world. The diversity of people in cities and countries means an element of cross cultural communication will always be needed whether it is between staff, colleagues, customers or clients. Awareness of cultural differences can favorably impact the success of a business. Improved staff interaction, better customer relations and effective client management are all areas that will reap benefits through cross cultural understanding. Although cross cultural communication competency can only be truly achieved through cross cultural awareness training, language acquisition, foreign travel and cultural immersion there are some guidelines that can enhance your cross cultural communication skills. Speaking Skills Listening and speaking must work in tandem for effective cross cultural communication. Speaking well is not about accent, use of grammar and vocabulary or having the gift of the gab. Rather, cross cultural communication is enhanced through positive speech such as encouragement, affirmation, recognition and phrasing requests clearly or expressing opinions sensitively. Observation Large amounts of cross cultural information can be read in peoples dress, body language, interaction and behavior. Be aware of differences with your own culture and try to understand the roots of behaviors. Asking questions expands your cross cultural knowledge. Patience Man has been created differently and we need to recognize and understand that sometimes cross cultural differences are annoying and frustrating. In these situations patience is definitely a virtue. Through patience respect is won and cross cultural understanding is enhanced. Flexibility Flexibility, adaptability and open-mindedness are the route to successful cross cultural communication. Understanding, embracing and addressing cross cultural differences leads to the breaking of cultural barriers which results in better lines of communication, mutual trust and creative thinking. Following these five cross cultural communication needs will allow for improved lines of communication, better cross cultural awareness and more successful cross cultural relationships.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Domestic Terrorism Essay -- Violent Crime National Terror Essays

Domestic Terrorism National terrorism has been the focus of attention since September 11. But now domestic terrorism is becoming increasingly common among hate groups across the nation. Domestic terrorism can be defined as visible crime, or â€Å"street crime.† These acts would consist of violent crimes, (acts against people in which injury or death results) property crimes (acts that threaten property held by individuals or the state) and public order crimes. (acts that threaten the general well-being of society and challenger accepted moral principles) It can also however be described as political crime, (criminal acts by or against the government for ideological purposes) which would include the 9/11 and the Oklahoma City bombing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article directly relates to the definition of sociology, which is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. This news item is sociological because it focuses on terrorism which is an act of violence (social/deviant behavior) against a person, group, or an entire nation (human groups). This article focuses on the behavior of domestic terrorist groups or gangs of people such as â€Å"the white supremacists, anti government types, militia members, eco-terrorists and people that hate corporations.† [1] â€Å"They include violent anti-abortionists and black and brown nationalists who envision a separate state for blacks and Latinos.† [1] Throughout this article I will use domestic terrorist groups as the name for the groups listed above. (hate groups, etc.) Many sociological concepts can be applied to this news article; however there are four specific ones which I feel are the best, which are social structure, roles, deviance and social control. Every society has a social structure, which is the way in which a society is organized into predictable/patterned relationships. This relates directly to the human groups, i.e. white supremacists etc. discussed in the news article. When you belong to such a group you stand for something, and the people that occupy the group consider it their own society in which they make their own rules and regulations. They take on different roles which are deviant to our society but acceptable to theirs. In the case of this article these groups all plan and/or commit violent acts against people or other groups because they believe it’s acceptable, which according to us would be orga... ... a mailing list. This would include each organization being sent a packet including the survey (however formatted), and a letter requesting their participation. Then, over a period of time monitor which organizations respond and which do not. Of the ones that don’t respond, a letter of reminder or even another packet could be sent back to the organization. After that, another letter could be sent but it should probably stop at that point, as the organizations probably don’t want to respond. In conclusion domestic terrorism is recognized by all law enforcement agencies as a â€Å"problem.† They all agree that this issue needs to be deeply looked at and that efforts to counter domestic terrorism must develop quickly. Although, in the article â€Å"police say the number of people arrested for plotting domestic terrorist acts is greater than the number of people arrested for actually carrying out the terrorist acts,†[1] there is still lots of work to be done on the issue. There should be an equal amount of focus on national and domestic terrorism in our country. References: [1] Copeland, Larry. â€Å"Domestic Terrorism: New trouble at home.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  USA TODAY 15 Nov. 2004, natl. ed. : 1A – 2A